Jewelry-eden

A seashell, also known as a sea shell, or simply as a shell,

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 is the common name for a hard, protective outer layer, a shell, or in some cases a “test”, that was created by a sea creature, a marine organism. The shell is part of the body of a marine animal. In most cases a shell is an exoskeleton, usually that of an animal without a backbone, an invertebrate. Seashells are most often found on beaches.

The word seashell is most often used to mean the shells of marine mollusks, i.e. mollusk shells. It can however also be used to mean the shells of a wide variety of other marine animals from various different phyla. For helpful introductory articles, see marine invertebrates and marine biology.

As well as marine mollusks, many other kinds of sea animals have exoskeletons or even internal shells which sometimes, after death, wash up on the beach and may be picked up by beachcombers. These shells include

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remains from species in other invertebrate phyla, such as the moulted shells or exuviae of crabs and lobsters, the shells of barnacles, horseshoe crab shells, the tests (endoskeletons) of sea urchins, sand dollars and seastars, brachiopod shells, and the shells of marine annelid worms in the family Serpulidae, which create calcareous tubes cemented onto other surfaces.

Seashells have been admired, studied and used by humans for many different purposes throughout history and pre-history.

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Coconut Crafts has grown with the passing years with much innovativeness and care. Coconut is one of the diversified fruits every bit of which is utilised in various ways. However, the shell and inner core of the Coconut in most cases is thrown away or used as firewood for cooking. Coconut Crafts are mainly manufactured in Hainan located in southmost part of China, where palm trees only grow in China that feature the majority of Coconut plants. Hainan has abundance of skilled artisans for making coconut crafts.

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The coconut shell, which enclosed the renel and a very beautiful and hardy object, seems to have simply offered itself to man to make what he could of it. One can create different items by using a little creativity and ingenuity. The process of coconut crafts involves sketching, cutting, sanding, and buffing to create the finished product.

A variety of coconut crafts like bowls, vases, roses, rose-water sprinklers, teapots and others are made from coconuts. Now-a-days, coconut shells are carved into useful and decorative articles such as fruit-dishes, wine cups, finger bowls, ice-cream cusps, lamp stands, vases pen and pencil stands, cups and saucers. Articles like hukkas, larger vases and lampshades are also made of coconut shells with brass bindings. The coconut crafts like table lamps, jewellery, finger bowls and other objects have become quite popular.

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shell of the coconut of the required size is selected, its outer surface rubbed by a steel tool while the inner part is smoothened with a chisel. A circular base and a handle separately made with shell are attached to the cup by fixing screws. First boot polish is applied and then a final coating of French polish is given for high class finishing. It also involves the casting of whole bell-metal article. Bees wax and charcoal are mixed and melted, filtered through a Coconut Shell Craft piece of cloth and deposited in cold water, heated again and pressed on a small square piece of lead with a variety of designs. This is then pressed against wooden model of article under preparation. When this model has been completely covered by wax, it is removed and the wax mould is given three coatings of a mixture of clay and chalk powder. Some times paddy tusk is also added and it is then dried in the sun. After it gets heated the wax comes out through the opening provided for the purpose. The mould is then placed over a crucible in which copper and zinc are melted, and the positions of the two are interchanged so that the liquid fills the cavity left by the melting of the

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wax. When the metal cools, the mould is removed and the surface smoothened. Then the coconut shell is fixed inside the frame with gum and a paste prepared by boiling sealing wax in water.

Lamp stands encased in brass and smaller coconut shell articles. Combining coconut shells with brass bindings also makes often hookas and large vases. Coconut fibre is cleaned, smoothened and made into various dolls and toys with beads and coloured threads to it go give it a decorative appearance.

The most wanted coconut crafts include bowls, vases, roses, teapots , wine

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cups, finger bowls, ice-cream cups, saucers, pen and pencil stands, hukkas, lampshades, fruit dishes, table lamps, finger bowls, roses, jewellery, vases and teapots.

Description: SiO₂ Onyx is striped, semiprecious variety of the silica mineral agate with white and black, brown or red alternating bands. Its properties are the same as those of quartz.
–>Birthstone: Sardonyx is the birthstone of Leo (Lion): July 23 – Aug 22.

Wedding anniversary: Onyx is the anniversary gemstone for the 7th year of marriage.
Black Onyx is the anniversary gemstone for the 10th year of marriage.

The name’s origin: The word Sardonyx is derived from the Greek, Sard meaning “reddish brown,” and onyx meaning “veined gem.”

Varieties: Varieties of onyx include carnelian onyx, with white and red bands, and sardonyx, with white and brown bands.

Care and treatment: Onyx may chip or scratch rather easily, so store onyx carefully and never allow two specimens to touch each other.

From the stone history: The name onyx was used by the Romans for a variety of stones including alabaster, chalcedony, and what is now known as onyx marble. Roman soldiers wore sardonyx talismans engraved with heroes such as Hercules or Mars, god of war. They believed that the stone would make the wearer as brave and daring as the figured carved on it. During the Renaissance, sardonyx was believed to bring eloquence upon the wearer and was regarded with great value by public speakers and orators.

Cameos are cut from stones, such as onyx, sardonix or agate, where different colors occur in layers. The background material is cut away, leaving the cameo design in relief. Onyx is also used in intaglios because its layers can be cut to show a color contrast between the design and the background.
Sardonyx at one time was more precious than gold, silver, or sapphire. Sardonyx is always widely used in cameos and intaglios.

Shopping guide: Onyx is a rich-looking, affordable gemstone. It is often mixed with pearls to create elegant jewelry. Treated agate is often sold as Black Onyx.

Healing ability: Onix is used as a heart, kidney, nerve, capillary, hair, eye and nail strengthener. Onyx is said to help one sleep. This gemstone helps to eliminate apathy, stress and neurological disorders.

Mystical power: This gemstone eliminates negative thinking, it is also believed to sharpen the wits of the wearer. Onyx is said to bring spiritual inspiration. It is a great assistance in holding emotions and passions under control.
Black Onyx is used to help one change habits.

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Tiger eye – offers courage, energy, and luck.Stone’s names: Tiger eye, also spelled tiger’s-eye and tigereye.
Tiger eye is also called crocidolite cat’s-eye or African cat’s-eye. Color: Tiger eye has a rich yellow and golden brown stripes, with a fine golden lustre when polished.

Description: Tiger eye is quartz that contains oriented fibres of crocidolite that have been replaced by silica.
Tiger eye is displaying chatoyancy (a vertical luminescent band like that of a cat’s eye) . Tiger eye typically has lustrous alternating yellow or brown bands.

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The name’s origin: Tiger eye with its bands resembles an eye of tiger, so it is received its name due to this similarity.

Wedding anniversary: Tiger Eye is the anniversary gemstone for the 9th year of marriage.

Varieties: Hawk’s-eye is similar to tiger eye, except that the crocidolite was replaced by quartz before altering to iron oxide. It therefore retains the gray-blue or green of the asbestos.

Care and treatment: As with all gems, protect tiger eye from scratches and sharp blows. Also avoid large temperature changes.

From the stone history: Roman soldiers wore tiger’s-eye for protection in battle. Tiger Eye was thought to be all seeing due to its appearance.

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    Shopping guide: Tiger Eye is widely used in pendant and beads where it’s lovely tiger-like peculiarity displays out best.

Healing ability: Tiger eye relieves high blood pressure. Tiger eye wear is very helpful in the presence of following diseases: bronchial asthmakidney, rheumatic heart disease, otitis and psoriasis.

Mystical power: Tiger Eye is used for focusing the mind. It is said that Tiger Eye offers protection during travel, strengthens convictions and confidence. This very warm stone is beneficial for the weak and sick.

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Natural and Cultured Pearl information and Pearl Discussion Forums Jewelry-eden.com takes you deeply into the world of pearls. Nearly every question ever asked about pearls can be found here. Natural Pearls Pearls have been prized for their beauty and rarity for more than four thousand years. From ancient China, India, and Egypt, to Imperial Rome, to the Arab world, to Native American tribes, cultures from around the world and throughout recorded history have valued pearls longer than any other gem.

Pearls are the only gemstones grown inside of a living organism. Pearls are formed within oysters or mollusks when a foreign substance (most often a parasite – not a grain of sand) invades the shell of the mollusk and enters the soft mantle tissue. In response to the irritation, the mantle’s epithelial cells form a sac (known as a pearl sac) which secretes a crystalline substance called nacre, the same substance which makes up the interior of a mollusk’s shell, which builds up in layers around the irritant, forming a pearl. There are approximately 8,000 different species of bi-valve mollusks, of which only about 20 are capable of consistently producing pearls. Natural pearls are extremely rare. Because the layers of nacre tend to maintain the irregular shape of the original irritant, natural pearls which are round or spherical in shape are even more rare.

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 Most natural pearls are irregularly shaped. In a completely natural state, only a very small percentage of mollusks will ever produce a pearl and only a few of them will develop a desirable size, shape, and color; only a small fraction of those will be harvested by humans. It is commonly assumed that one in ten thousand mollusks naturally produce gem quality pearls. Obviously, if we relied only on nature, ownership of pearls would still be relegated to the wealthiest and pearl producing mollusks would be on the brink of extinction due to over-harvest.

As pearls have been prized for thousands of years, this need has led to the development of cultured pearls. Cultured Pearls In the early part of the 20th century, Japanese researchers discovered a method of producing pearls artificially. Essentially, the method involves inserting a foreign substance, or nucleus, into the tissue of the oyster or mollusk, then returning it to the sea, allowing a cultured pearl to develop naturally. This practice was already quite widespread culturing hemispherical pearls known as mabe pearls. Kokichi Mikimoto is credited with perfecting the technique for artificially stimulating the development of round pearls in akoya mollusks, receiving a patent for this technique in 1916. Although patented in 1916 this technique has since been improved upon and used extensively throughout the pearling world – no longer simply used to cultured akoya pearls, but freshwater, South Sea and Tahitian pearls as well. Mikimoto opened the door to a greatly expanded pearl industry in which pearls could be farmed like an agricultural crop. These cultured pearls could now be produced in sufficient quantities to make them available to virtually anyone.

 The cultured pearl industry has now far surpassed that of the natural pearl industry. Although a market still exists for pearls gifted to us by nature, these pearls are becoming more and more difficult to find, with rare full strands being auctioned for hundreds of thousands of dollars. Today, purchasing pearls from nearly any store in the world means purchasing a strand of cultured pearls.

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Quartz is the most common mineral in the continental crust, and the one with the simplest chemical formula: silicon dioxide or SiO2. Quartz is so common in crustal rocks that it’s more notable when quartz is missing than when it’s present. This article tells how to identify quartz, what varieties it comes in, and what quartz means to geologists. Quartz is an old German word that

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 originally meant something like hard or tough. How to Tell Quartz Quartz comes in many colors

and shapes, but you’ll always know it by three things:

• Quartz has a glassy luster.

• Quartz is hardness 7 on the Mohs scale, scratching ordinary glass and all types of steel.

• Quartz breaks into curved shards rather than flat-faced cleavage fragments, that is, it exhibits conchoidal fracture. Once you start studying minerals, quartz becomes easy to tell at a glance. Here are a few other things you can count on:

• Quartz is almost always clear or white.

• Quartz is almost always present in light-colored rocks and in sandstones.

• If found in crystals, quartz always has a hexagonal cross-section like that of a common pencil. Most examples of quartz are clear, frosted or milky-white grains of small size that don’t display crystal faces. Clear quartz may appear dark if it’s in a rock with a lot of dark minerals. Special Quartz Varieties The pretty crystals and vivid colors you’ll see in jewelry and in rock shops are scarce.

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Here are some of those precious varieties:

• Clear, colorless quartz is called rock crystal.

• Translucent white quartz is called milky quartz.

• Milky pink quartz is called rose quartz. Its color is thought to be due to various impurities (titanium, iron, manganese) or microscopic inclusions of other minerals.

• Purple quartz is called amethyst. Its color is due to “holes” of missing electrons in the crystal in combination with iron impurities.

• Yellow quartz is called citrine. Its color is due to iron impurities.

• Green quartz is called prasiolite. Iron impurities account for its color, too.

• Gray quartz is called smoky quartz. Its color is due to “holes” of missing electrons in combination with aluminum impurities.

• Brown smoky quartz is called cairngorm and black smoky quartz is called morion.

• The Herkimer diamond is a form of natural quartz crystal with two pointed ends. Quartz also occurs in a microcrystalline form called chalcedony. Together, both minerals are also referred to as silica. See more examples of quartz in the Quartz Picture Gallery. Where Quartz Is Found Quartz is perhaps the most typical mineral of the planet Earth. In fact, one test of a meteorite, if you think you’ve found one, is to be sure it doesn’t have any quartz. But more than that, quartz is typical of the continents. Geologic processes have concentrated it there. Quartz is found in most geologic settings, but it most typically forms sedimentary rocks like sandstone. This is no surprise when you consider that nearly all the sand on Earth is almost exclusively grains of quartz. Under mild heat and pressure conditions, geodes can form in sedimentary rocks that are lined with crusts of quartz crystals deposited from underground fluids. In igneous rocks, quartz is the defining mineral of granite. When granitic rocks crystallize deep underground, quartz is generally the last mineral to form and it usually has no room to form crystals. But in pegmatites quartz can sometimes form very large crystals, as long as a meter. Crystals also occur in veins associated with hydrothermal activity in the shallow crust. In metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, quartz becomes concentrated in bands and veins. In this setting its grains do not take their typical crystal form. Sandstone, too, turns into a massive quartz rock called quartzite. What Quartz Means Among the common

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minerals, quartz is the toughest and most inert. It makes up the backbone of good soil, providing mechanical strength and holding open pore space between its grains. Its superior hardness and resistance to dissolution are what make sandstone and granite endure. Thus you could say that quartz holds up the mountains. Prospectors are always alert to veins of quartz because these are signs of hydrothermal activity and the possibility of ore deposits. To the geologist, the amount of silica in a rock is a basic and important bit of geochemical knowledge. Quartz is a ready sign of high silica, for example in a rhyolite lava. When found in abundance, quartz always points to a continental rock because the tectonic processes that have built the Earth’s continents favor quartz. (For more, see About the Earth’s Crust.) But quartz helps itself by being hard, stable and low in density. As it moves through the tectonic cycle of erosion, deposition, subduction and magmatism, quartz lingers in the uppermost crust and always comes out on top.

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What is Goldstone:

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Goldstone is actually a man-made gemstone. It is glass with flecks of copper suspended within it.

Color of Goldstone:

Goldstone is typically a brick red/brown with metallic flecks, although there are also blue and green varieties.

Birthstone:

Goldstone is not a birthstone.

Anniversary :

Goldstone is not considered an anniversary gemstone.

Spiritual and Physical Beliefs About Goldstone :

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Due to speculation that goldstone originated in the quest for alchemy, this gemstone is considered to be a symbol of ingenuity, ambition, and drive. Some spirtualists consider goldstone to be a gently uplifting stone – reducing tension, revitalizing the wearer, and encouraging a positive attitude. It is also considered by some to be a source of protection and helpful in securing riches and even love.

Physically, some believe that goldstone can reduce stomach tension, improve metabolism, heal infections, strengthen the nervous system, and even aid with regenrating tissue. Some think that the copper suspended in the gemstone will help with circulation, strengthen bones, and decrease pain from rheumatism and arthritis.

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Introduction

Jasper is derived from the Greek for “spotted stone”. Jasper is usually considered a chalcedony, but put by scientists in a group by itself because of its grainy structure. The finely grained, dense jasper contains up to twenty percent foreign materials that determine its color, streak and appearance. Uniform jasper is rare. It usually is multicolored, striped spotted or flamed. Some of the most treasured gems are those that show a picture that appears to be taken from nature, called “landscapes”. Oregon’s Biggs Jasper is now the most common source. Another specialty is bloodstone or blood jasper, also known as “heliotrope”, a dark green chalcedony or jasper with flecks of red. Bloodstone is the Zodiac birthstone for Aries. 20x30MM Multi-Color Picasso Jasper Cuboid Beads pr043 Jasper colors Buying Jasper Where is Jasper found? Common Jasper treatments World-famous Jasper Jasper gemology Jasper legends & lore Jasper colors Jasper comes in all colors, mostly striped, spotted or flamed. A variety of trade names specify colors, appearance or composition. Agate jasper: Yellow, brown or green blended, grown together with agate Egyptian jasper: Strongly yellow and red Banded jasper: Layered structure with more or less wide bands Basanite: Fine-grained black Blood jasper: Bloodstone, dark green with flecks of red Hornstone: Very fine grained, gray, brown-red, more rarely green or black Scenic jasper: Brown marking caused by iron oxide, resembling a landscape. Oregon’s “Biggs Jasper” is now the most common source. “Bruneau Jasper”, from Bruneau Canyon, Idaho, is praised for its blue “skies”. Moukaite: Pink to light red, cloudy Plasma: Dark green, sometimes with white or yellow spots Silex: Yellow and brown-red spotted or striped Buying Jasper Color There is no recommendation for color. The saturation of the color defines the value. The choice will more often depend on taste for the appearance and composition of the stone. Clarity Most jasper is opaque and takes an excellent polish. Cut Jasper is used for ornamental objects, cabochons and stone mosaics. Care must be taken during cutting. Banded jasper tends to separate along the layers. Jasper location and deposits Jasper is found in China, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Egypt, India, Kazakhstan, Madagascar, Russia, Uruguay and the United States. Common Jasper treatments Occasionally dyed.

World-famous Jasper
Jasper didn’t make it yet into the hall of fame for gemstones.

Jasper gemology
Species: Chalcedony
Color: All colors, mostly striped or spotted
Chemical composition: SiO2 silicon dioxide
Crystal system: (Trigonal) microcrystalline aggregate
Hardness: 6.5 – 7 (Mohs scale)
Specific gravity: 2.58 – 2.91
Refractive index: About 1.54
Birefringence: None
Color of streak: White, yellow, brown, red
Absorption spectrum: Cannot be evaluated
Fluorescence: None

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The Jasper zodiac, myth & legend
The name bloodstone, as it indicates, goes back to ancient Christianity, believing that Jesus Christ’s blood dripped from the cross onto a dark green stone that lay beneath it.

Bloodstone is the Zodiac stone for Aries.

In Antiquity, as well as in the Middle Ages people believed that the cosmos is reflected in gemstones. The bloodstone is assigned to the planets Mars and Pluto. The esoteric movement revived the ancient belief and the gem industry made it another marketing tool to promote certain gems.

The healing powers of gems remain a controversial issue, but are mentioned for centuries by healers, shamans and medicine men. Whether it’s a fact or a placebo effect doesn’t matter, if it helps. The safest approach is to wear the gemstone in skin contact to the troubled part of the body. Jasper is said to be of help for pancreas, sciatica and troubled toenails.

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